Mechanism of Vesicular Transport - The Main Transport System in the Cells of Living Organisms

Abstract

The functioning of the nervous system is based on the process of communication between nerve cells. This process is carried out in specialized areas - synapses. In most synapses, signal transmission occurs through the release of specialized substances from nerve endings - mediators during exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. The molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission at chemical synapses occupy a central place in neurophysiology. These mechanisms involve the intracellular transport of substances within cells, which is necessary to maintain homeostasis in nerve cells by responding to physiological signals. Proteins synthesized in the cytosol are distributed to the appropriate organelles according to the sorting sequence of their specific amino acids. This short report analyzes the contribution of famous scientists working in the USA to the discovery of the mechanisms of vesicular transport - the main transport system in the cells of living organisms. For these studies, three American scientists - Randy W. Schekman, born in 1948, in the USA; James E. Rothman, born in 1950, in the USA, and Thomas C. Südhof, born in 1955 in Germany, but worked in the USA were awarded the Nobel Prize (2013).