Социально-психологические особенности самоповреждающего и суицидального поведения

Abstract

Исследование, проведённое в Республике Беларусь показало значимое различия между самоповреждающим и суицидальным поведением по способам самоповреждения, выраженности депрессивной симптоматике и мотивации к совершению суицида, а также черте характера «застревание».

Currently, it is customary to distinguish between self-harm and suicidal behavior, but studies devoted to this topic are rare. Materials and methods. The study involved 252 people divided into three groups: persons who have committed suicide attempts using various methods of self-harm (GLSSRS), in the number of 100 people; persons who made a true suicide attempt using highly lethal methods of self-harm (GLIVSS) in the number of 72 people; persons undergoing inpatient treatment with a diagnosis of “adjustment disorder”, who have not made suicidal attempts (80 people), then the comparison group (CG). Results. GLSSRS and GLIVSS did not differ significantly from each other in the prevalence of mental disorders. The most pronounced level of depression (25.2 points) and motivation to commit suicide was noted in GLIVSS, the least pronounced depressive symptoms in GLSSRS, the severity of motivation to commit suicide in CG. The study groups did not differ significantly in the severity of psychosocial stress. It was noted that males aged 45–60 years from suicide risk groups (GLSSRS – p≤0.001; GLIVSS p=0.030) were significantly more likely to live alone (p=0.034). In GLIVSS, compared to the GS, the proportion of people raised in single-parent families is significantly higher (p≤0.05). In GLSSRS and GLIVSS, persons with a phlegmatic type of temperament predominated (p≤0.001), however, they significantly differed from each other in the character trait “stuck”. Conclusions. GLSSRS and GLIVSS differed significantly from each other not only in the methods of self-harm, but also in the severity of motivation to commit suicide, depressive symptoms and the character trait “being stuck”.